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Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences
Title : Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep in children and adolescents
Abstract :When COVID-19 was identified as a pandemic in March 2020, lockdowns were requested by many nations around the world. The goal of this study was to review the literature on the impact of lockdown procedures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on children's and adolescents' sleep patterns and quality. We searched the pre-print, Embase, Ovid, Global Health, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. Additionally, we incorporated ad hoc studies conducted on children and adolescents (aged 19 years) exposed to COVID-19 lockdown and reported on various sleep quality outcomes, including risk, protective factors, and impact on psychological and mental health. According to the review, the Covid 19 pandemic significantly impacted children and adolescents' sleep quality, causing everything from insomnia to hypersomnia and negatively affecting their physical and mental health.
Title : Evaluation of vitamin D level among patients with type 2 diabetes in Nineveh Governorate-Iraq
Abstract :The current study was conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes in the Nineveh Governorate, Iraq. The study included 60 blood samples. Blood samples were taken from 30 patients with type 2 diabetes (15 males and 15 females) and 30 healthy people (20 males and ten females). The mean age of patients was 55 ± 9.01, while the mean age of controls was 30 ± 14. 73. In the case group, females constituted 50% and males 50% of the case group, while in the control group, females were 33.3% and males were 66.6%. There was a significant difference in vitamin D levels among cases and controls (8.85 ± 5.95 VS 16.16±5.51 respectively, p < 0.001). Females had lower vitamin D levels than males (7.514± 3.124 VS 10.177± 7.422, P 0.05). The FSG, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood urea were significantly increased (p 0.05) in patients compared to the control group. A significant negative correlation was noted between vitamin-D levels and BMI in T2DM (r= -0.56, p= 0.015). A negative significant correlation was noted between vitamin-D levels and HbA1C in T2DM (r= -0.523, p= 0.0237).
Title : IUGR occurrence in Pregnant Women with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding
Abstract :Vaginal bleeding complicates a percentage of all pregnancies. Previous study has connected vaginal bleeding to a twofold increase in risk, with the risk being higher in some, but not all, studies for heavy, recurrent, and late pregnancy bleeding. In both the first and second pregnancies, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a significant cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study is to investigate the link between vaginal bleeding and IUGR. This prospective cohort study included 68 case of pregnant female with first trimester vaginal bleeding at Obstetrics& Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. The duration of the study was from February 2021 to December 2021. At the end of the study 56 cases completed the study. Clinical examination revealed that the fundal height of the uterus was at least 4 weeks lower than the expected height based on gestational age. Vaginal haemorrhage was classified as minor when the lady did not need hospitalisation and significant when she did. There were correlations discovered between vaginal bleeding and delivery outcomes, notably IUGE. There was significant decrease in birth weight and Apgar score with increase severity of vaginal bleeding. There was significant increase in NICU admission and IUGR occurrence with increase severity of vaginal bleeding. There was a significant positive relationship between vaginal haemorrhage, IUGR, and NICU hospitalisation. Vaginal haemorrhage, birth weight, and APGAR score all had a significant adverse connection. There was significant association between vaginal bleeding and IUGR occurrence. There was no significant difference between mild and moderate or moderate and severe vaginal bleeding. First trimester vaginal bleeding is significantly associated with IUGR occurrence and other pregnancy adverse outcomes. Also IUGR occurrence and other pregnancy adverse outcomes prevalence increase with increase severity of bleeding. We found no difference in IUGR occurrence in mild versus moderate or moderate versus severe vaginal bleeding.
Title : Effectiveness of health education on foot ulcer severity and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A quasi-experimental study
Abstract :Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic and non-communicable disorders worldwide and the mortality rates caused by the complications associated with the disease, such as diabetic foot ulcer which is increasing dramatically. Foot ulcers are a significant complication, and the infected diabetic foot ulcers are a greater responsible for Amputations of the lower limbs that are not traumatic. Patient education is considered as an essential part of controlling and preventing foot complication of DM. To evaluate the effectiveness of self-management education program on prevention or and decreasing of diabetic foot ulcer severity and complications. The data before education were collected by using check list tool assessment for ulcer severity score and foot complications. Experimental group received self-management education based on health believe module (HBM), six sessions for the experimental group about foot complications and diabetic foot care education, the sessions comprised two hours per week for two month for each sub group which divided between seven to eight patient, the project followed up for three months to evaluate the effectiveness of education. We used verbal and visual patient education material. After education (Three months), the check list tool assessment used post administration education sessions. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25. A quasi experimental design was used to conduct this study, we enrolled 60 diabetic foot patients among type 2 DM. The participants were selected purposively assigned into two groups, experimental groups (who received the educational program) and a control group. Data were collected using Wagner classification score checklist and foot complication checklist that prepared by researcher depending on two academic book related foot complications [27], [13]. A research collected the data by interviewing the participants using the checklist once before and once three month after the intervention. The participants of the intervention groups attended to education program consisting of one sessions two hours per week for two month. Statistical descriptive tests such as mean and standard deviation (SD) percentage were used to describe the features of the data inferential statistics test such as Chi-square and independent t-test were used as appropriate. The significance level was set at <0.05. The self-education management for diabetic foot patients showed decrease the severity ulcer score at (P < 0.000) and some foot complications like (fissures, nail lesion, infection, shoe bite, sharp injury and planter callus) in experimental group after three months follow-up. It can be concluded that self-management education depending on health Believe Module (HBM) is effective in preventing diabetic foot ulcer severity and preventing complications in diabetic patients.
Title : Assessment of the Relationship between Genetic Polymorphisms in Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Gene and the Risk of Type I Diabetes Mellitus in an Iraqi Patients
Abstract :Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. This study investigated the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in gene of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), -173 G > C (rs755622), on T1DM patients. The study was included 75 T1DM patients and 25 healthy subjects. The-173 G / C SNP MIF gene was detected by using tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) in T1DM patients and controls. The genotype distribution results of the -173G/C SNP of MIF gene showed significant difference (p<0.05) between controls (GG: n= 25, 100%; GC: n=0, 0%; CC: n=0, 0%) and T1DM patients (GG: n= 42, 56%; GC: n=25, 33.33%; CC: n=8, 10.67%). These results showed an increased in GC, CC genotype and C allele of the -173G/C in T1DM patients than controls, and they were significantly more likely than controls to have the mutant allele C (OR=1.881, 95%CI=0.213-16.585, p=0.564). These results indicate a possible role for the C allele in T1DM disease. The present study suggested that the -173G/C SNP in the MIF gene statistically association (p<0.05) with the risk of T1DM occurrence in Iraqi patients.
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