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Title : Antibacterial Effect Of B. subtilis and Silver Nanoparticles against multidrug Resistance Escherichia coli Isolated From different infections
Abstract :This study was intended to study the biological activity of B. subtilis and silver nanoparticles against MDR E. coli isolated from different infections. in the province of Najaf. one hundred fifty_ five samples and inquiries were carried out between (October, 2021 to January, 2022). were collected from patients with different infection from two separate hospitals Al-Hakam Hospital and Al- Zahraa Hospital as well as AL-Aman center for research AL-Najaf Governorate, Isolates were identified based on the morphological and microscopic examination, and VITEC. Antibiotics susceptibility test by modified Kirby - Bauer disc diffusion method the results showed (58) isolates, from, E. col resistance against 22 commonly used antibacterial agents. the capacity of some E. coli isolates to biofilm formation was detected by phenotypic method which included Congo Red Agar Method (CRA), from the 58 (100%) isolates of E. coli 48 (82.8%) were biofilm producers when that appearance of black dry crystalline colonies on the CRA plates and 10 (17.2 %) were non - biofilm producers when the colonies of E. coli remained pink or red colored. Molecular study was detected the antibiotic resistance genes( gyrA), (Sul1), (Ant(2")-1a), (ermB), (blaSHV) and (qnrA) in E. coli isolates finally, the isolates were subjected to experiments with two Treatments B. subtilis and silver nanoparticles The results showed that, inhibition zone of E. coli increased progressively with increase the silver nanoparticles and B. subtilis concentrations in reaching a optimum inhibition in 400 µg/ml,0.01mg/ml respectively, also antibacterial activities of some resistance antibiotics included Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, Levofloacxin, Gentamicin, and Trimethoprime-sulfamethaxazol exhibited that the presence of silver nanoparticles with B. subtilis together with the resistance antibiotic resulting in decrease in the ability of the antibiotics to inhibit the E. coli resulting in the occurrence of inhibition zone of E. coli and insignificant compared with the presence of silver nanoparticles alone as well as more than the case of the presence of B. subtilis alone with these antibiotic. the aim of this study is to find novel therapeutic agents.to to control some diseases, and contribute in reducing the problem of the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens.
Title : Atteration of D-dimer, Ferritin and cytokines levels in Iraqi COVID-19 recovered patients
Abstract :Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a globally a main healthcare threat disease, millions of people dead with it, so it is important to understanding the role of D-dimer and ferritin levels as a result of the response to disease. Both proteins mostly rely on severity of the COVID-19 disease. COVID-19 induced hyper inflammation which are a chief reason of disease severity and death via “cytokine storm” elevated level of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10(IL-10) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) associated with decreased Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) due to decrease in T-cell count [1]. Follow up D-dimer level and ferritin level for six months, in addition to the association between D-dimer & ferritin with COVID-19 severity in COVID-19 recovered patients. Follow up inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) level and regulatory cytokine (IL-10) level for three months after COVID-19 recovery and the connection between IL-6 and IL-10 levels in COVID-19 recovered patients. In addition to the correlation between cytokines levels COVID-19 with genders and COVID-19 severity. The nasopharyngeal swab to confirm recovery by reverse transcriptase real-time PCR technique. Detection of D-dimer levels via using ARCHITECT D- dimer auto analyzer, detection of Ferritin levels via using Maglumi Fully Auto Operator’s Manual, while IL-6 and IL-10 levels via using Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA). The results found that, comparison between studied groups show significant increased (P ≤ 0.01) in D-dimer level (mg/L), serum ferritin (ng/mL) level, IL-6 & IL-10 (pg/ml) level in COVID-19 recovered patients groups as compared with apparently control group, also a significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in D-dimer, ferritin, IL-6 &IL-10 between studied groups. The comparison of D-dimer, ferritin, IL-6 & IL-10 level between mild, moderate and severe groups had shown significant differences at P≤0.01. Contrariwise, D-dimer levels decline after treatments, with highly correlation was observed between D-dimer & ferritin levels in patients groups, finally, highly significant correlation coefficient between IL-6 & Il-10 levels. Both gender affected with COVID-19. Markedly increased in D-dimer in COVID-19 recovered patients which may play as a risk factor for thrombosis. Interestingly, High levels of ferritin associated with COVID-19 recovered patients could be considered as an inflammatory factor. Finally, significant correlation between ferritin and D-dimer levels in studied groups and could be used as diagnostic biomarker for COVID-19. Elevated in serum concentration of IL-6, IL-10 in all age groups and both gender correlated with COVID-19 severity.
Title : The Evaluation of Physical and Chemical characters for Water Wells in Al- Hamadanyah District and its Affiliated Villages
Abstract :This study is conducted in the environment laboratory for postgraduate studies of the Biology Department - College of Science at Tikrit University. It includes a field survey to estimate some of the physical and chemical aspects of water for the study area. The field study starts from the beginning of October 2021 until March 2022, and six sites for water wells are selected within the Al- Hamadanyah district and its affiliated villages. Water samples are taken from these sites monthly to determine some of their physical aspects such as (turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity EC) with some chemical aspects (pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, and total hardness). The results indicate high values of electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, vital oxygen requirement and total hardness. The results also show that the pH values tend to be alkaline in some of the studied sites.
Title : Prevalence of Pseudomonas fluorescens Producing Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases Genes from Sepsis Patients in Al-Najaf-Iraq
Abstract :Resistance to numerous antibiotics has emerged as a result of the development of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) generated in Pseudomonas fluorescens. As a result, failing to diagnose ESBL strains properly can result in treatment failure. The goal of this research was to look at the development of ESBLs in P. fluorescens isolated from sepsis blood patients in Al-Najaf. Sensitivity testing demonstrated that 32 (100%) of the P. fluorescens isolates were resistant to at least one of the β-lactam antibiotic. Of 32 isolates, 22 (68.6%) isolates were bearing blaTEM gene and 19 (59.4%) isolates were bearing blaSHV gene, of these isolates, 19 isolates carried the two genes together, but only 16 (50%) and 13 (40.6%) had blaCTX-M and blaOXA genes, respectively. The high rate of ESBL genes found in Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates and these instances is concerning, according to the current investigation.
Title : Acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination among medical students’ families
Abstract :Since the first covid-19 case has been confirmed in Iraq on the 22nd of February 2020, this pandemic led to a markable impact on the Iraqi health system and life in general. The vaccination against COVID-19 is considered to be a highly effective strategy in reducing severe illness and mortality due to COVID-19 and hopefully reduce the risk of future waves of COVID-19. To assess the prevalence of vaccination against COVID-19 among families of medical students in Al-Nahrain medical college, some socio-demographic characteristics and the impact of these characteristics on the vaccination acceptance and the most preferred vaccine manufacture. A cross-sectional study enrolled 375 adults (aged 18 years and above except pregnant women) who were families of randomly selected medical students for the period (from May to July 2021). Each were directly interviewed. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 24. The prevalence of vaccination was 62.4% with a higher rate among people with a high educational level (p=0.001). Binary logistic regression for vaccine manufacture showed that 24.3% will be more likely to accept vaccination when it is of Pfizer manufacture (p=0.001). Low prevalence rate of vaccination in Iraq mandates urgent governmental actions to enhance people's acceptance to get vaccinated. Pfizer vaccine should be more available.
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