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Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences
Title : Stress, Fear and Anxiety Assessment Among Iraqi Orthodontic Students After Emergence of New Variants of Covid-19
Abstract :Dental educational institutions in Iraq and worldwide is facing challenges due to severity of COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to evaluate different aspects of psychological disorders (stress, fear and anxiety) among orthodontic students in the period after the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus. In March 2021; Orthodontic students including (PhD, Master) in addition to fifth year undergraduate in College of Dentistry / University of Baghdad were invited to join the study. A questionnaire was created using a Google platform and consisted of four sections; the first is about demographic profile of the participant, the second contains 8 questions about stress, the third has 6 questions studying fear and the forth section studied the level of anxiety scored by a GAD7. A total of 203 orthodontic students have participated in this study, 57% of them were free from covid-19. Of all participants: as regards stress: about 83.7% had stress from getting infection of COVID 19 in their clinical work, 73.9% felt higher stress from new variant covid-19, 33.5%, 36.5% had average and above average level of stress respectively, while 14.8% had high level of stress; as regards fear: 38.9% above average, 25% high, and 73.9% of the sharing students had higher fear against the new variant covid 19. as regards anxiety:14.8% sever, 30% mild and 22.2% moderate anxiety While a large percentage 33% of them had no anxiety. There were no significant statistical differences regarding stress but those were significant regarding fear and anxiety. Females showed significantly higher fear level than males and a non-significant increase in the level of stress and anxiety. Most of the orthodontic students were afraid and stressed from the new variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus, they believed that they can decrease their fear and stress by getting the vaccine and use of multiple types of personal protection equipment. Females were more susceptible to fear than males. All the study levels showed higher level of stress and fear and mild anxiety to the new variant SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.
Title : Molecular characterization of some virulence factors in multidrug resistance Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates in Iraqi hospitals
Abstract :Two hundred and fifty specimens (stool) from children under two years for both sexes were collected from some Iraqi hospitals. All isolates were diagnosed according to morphological characteristics, biochemical tests, and results showed, 210 (84%) samples were identified as E. coli, (5 isolates) were identified as Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)serotype O157:H7. The identification was confirmed by VITEK 2 system. Susceptibility test was determined for all pathogenic E. coli isolates to 16 different antibiotics, the result showed that 100%resistant to (Ampicillin, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Trimethoprimand Ceftazidime), but Nitrofurantoin, Cefoxitin and Gentamicin were 66%, 40%, 15% respectively, however100% of isolates were sensitive to Piperacillin, Ertapenem, Imipenem, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin and Tigecycline. Monoplex pattern of PCR was used for detection 16SrRNA, eae, stx1,stx2,lifAand Ler genes in E. coli O157:H7, result showed isolates were positive for 16SrRNA,eae,lifA, stx1 and regulatory gene (Ler),while no bands appear ofstx2.
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