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Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences
Title : Impact of curcumin and tocotrienol combination in rats with monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis
Abstract :Curcuma longa is a popular spice in Southern Asia and the Middle East. It has a long history of ethnopharmacological use for antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other properties. While the vitamin E family's tocotrienols have received a lot of attention in recent years due to their multi-targeted biological features, several studies are under underway to find compounds that can enhance the synergistic effects of curcumin and tocotrienols. The purpose of this research was to see if Cur and Toc could protect rats from monosodium Iodoacetate-induced arthritis (OA). Six groups of forty-two rats were formed at random. The volume of joint edema and the fatigue index of the gastrocnemius muscle were measured. Antioxidant enzymes and the amount of lipid peroxidation were also examined. By reducing ankle edema, the combination was found to dramatically lower the severity of arthritis. The antioxidant enzymes in the blood have greatly enhanced. Therefore, the combination of curcumin and tocotrienol resulted in a significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect on induced arthritis.
Title : A Comparison between Metformin Immediate-release and Extended-release: A Review
Abstract :Metformin is the first-line oral therapy for type II diabetes; it comes in various forms that can be used alone or with other oral hypoglycemic medications. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines recommended starting with Metformin immediate-release and shifting to extended-release when not tolerated. We aimed to compare the immediate and extended-release formulation in terms of metabolic profile, gastrointestinal adverse effects, patients' satisfaction, and health-related quality of life. The extended-release formulations were better in terms of gastrointestinal side effects. In addition, it improved patients' satisfaction and adherence to treatment. There were no significant differences between Metformin-immediate release (MIR) and Metformin-extended release (MXR) regarding body mass index and waist circumference. The effect on lipid profile was modest; a reduction of low-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, and an increasing high-density lipoprotein were observed with no statistical significance between the two formulations. However, a rising triglycerides was found among patients taking the extended-release. The evidence is conflicting regarding glycemic control. Six out of the eight included studies showed similar efficacy, one showed the superiority of the immediate-release, and another one showed that the extended-release was more effective. Therefore, studies into hypoglycemia risk and lactic acidosis are definitely needed to address all these conflicting situations.
Title : Investigate the link between some diabetic parameters, glucagon-like peptide-1 and cholecystokinin in a group of type2 Diabetic patients in Baqubah city
Abstract :Insulin resistance is a condition that people with type2 diabetes produce insulin, but they cannot use it properly to deliver glucose into the cells or (inability of insulin to optimally stimulate the transport of glucose into the body’s cells), which leads to a high blood glucose level. Homeostasis model assessment; is gold standard method for assessment insulin resistant. This study try to investigate the values of some parameters of type 2-DM patients versus normal levels of healthy control groups these parameters included; FBS, HbAIc, FIL, HOMAIR and BMI then see the link between them and some gut hormones which work as a key actuators for glucose\energy homeostasis and eating behavior. Both GLP-1 and CCK have positive effects on the β-cell, as they can stimulate insulin secretion, and might promote β-cell proliferation and have the ability of protection from apoptosis. The results in this study found that the mean values of FBS, HbAIc, FIL, HOMAIR in patients were (175.96± 39.68 mg/dl, 9.74±1.82(%), 18.99±5.98 miu/L, 8.136±2.53) respectively versus the levels of healthy control (85.44±7.58 mg/dl, 4.92±.500(%), 5.79 ± 0.5 miu/L, 1.22±0.17). While mean value of BMI in patients and control were was (32.20±2.23 kg/m², 26.04±1.65kg/m²) respectively. The mean value of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in patients and control were (2.08±0.198 ng/ml, 1.44 ±0.062 ng/ml). The mean values of Cholecystokinin in patients and control were (330.23 ±6.44pg/ml, 380.66 ±14.93pg/ml), respectively. For all factors above there were a highly significant differences (p value<0.001) between the mean values of patients and control.
Title : Influence of toxoplasmosis on some functional body proteins among pregnant women
Abstract :Toxoplasmosis represents one of the most widespread zoonosis caused by T. gondii parasite, which is an intracellular protozoan with a worldwide distribution. This disease infects all warm-blooded animals, including humans. The current study aimed to assess the influence of Toxoplasma gondii on some functional body proteins among infected pregnant women. The study was carried out during the period from October 2021 to first February 2022. Two hundred (200) pregnant women were attended to various governmental hospitals in Maysan province of Iraq with their ages ranged from (19-35) years. Venous blood samples were collected from all pregnant women enrolled in this study. The results showed that from total (200) pregnant women, 97(48.50%) had positive IgG antibodies to toxoplasmosis, while 103 (51.50%) had negative IgG antibodies to toxoplasmosis. The results also presented that from these (200) pregnant women, 11(5.50%) had positive IgM antibodies to toxoplasmosis, while 189(94.50%) had negative IgM antibodies to toxoplasmosis. Patients with IgG positive, the mean albumin level was (4.01 ±0.03), and in patients with IgG negative, the mean albumin level was (4.15 ±0.04), while it was shown that in patients with IgG positive, the mean globulin level was (2.85 ±0.06), and in patients with IgG negative, the mean globulin level was (2.65 ±0.07), whereas it was shown that in patients with IgG positive, the mean total protein level was (6.63 ±0.14), and in patients with IgG negative, the mean total protein level was (6.23 ±0.20). It can be concluded from the present study that no significant difference was shown between the number and percentage of IgG+ and IgG- toxoplasma patients, while a highly significant difference was shown between the number and percentage of IgM+ and IgM- toxoplasma patients. There was a significant difference between IgG+ and IgG- patients in relation to mean of both albumin and globulin levels, while no significant difference was shown between IgG+ and IgG- patients in relation to mean TSP levels. There was no significant difference between the number and percentage of IgM+ and IgM- toxoplasma patients in relation to albumin, globulin and TSP levels.
Title : Roptosis Related to E.N.T Diseases: A Prospective study
Abstract :A prospective study of 25 patients with proptosis related to E.N.T. diseases were referred to E.N.T. department, Al- Yarmouk Teaching Hospital during period from Oct. 2000 to Oct. 2001. A complete clinical evaluation of cases had been done by history taking, proper clinical examination, radiological examination, microbiological study, and histopathological examination. Thirteen patients were males and twelve patients were females. The age of them ranged between 4 – 71 years with mean age 37.14 years. The most common associated symptoms and signs with proptosis were nasal obstruction, hyposmia, headache, diplopia, nasal mass and impairment of eyeball movement. The results showed that the proptosis was due to inflammatory lesions of sinonasal region in 64%, malignant tumours in 28% and benign tumours in 8%. The orbital infection complicated acute bacterial sinusitis was the most common inflammatory lesion causing proptosis which formed 24% of all cases followed by fungal sinusitis which formed 20 % of all cases CT scan was very helpful in early diagnosis of the diseases and in detecting the extension of lesions The orbit and its contents are at risk in different types of pathological lesions involving sinonasal region, therefore the proper otorhinol aryngological examination for each patient complains of proptosis is essential and the otorhinolaryngologist play an important role in the diagnosis of diseases that cause proptosis.
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