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Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences
Title : Prevalence of self–reported computer vision syndrome symptoms and its associated factors among medical students in Tabuk University.
Abstract :The excessive use of computers has caused people to develop various problems related to vision collectively known as computer vision syndrome. We aimed to assess computer vision syndrome and related factors among medical students and interns in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk. A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at Tabuk University in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia during the period from August to October 2021. A self-administrated questionnaire based on demographic factors and computer vision syndrome symptoms was used. The current sample showed that 33.8% of the participant fulfilled the criteria for computer vision syndrome which was higher among students who wear glasses or contact lenses. the majority of students (86.6%) are using the computer for more than five hours and nearly a half are using the digital screen for more than six hours. In addition, less than half (48.5%) are practicing breaks between sessions, considerable percentage (51.5%) were using the screen during the dark and for more than five years. Myopic and hyperopic refractive errors were observed among 42.7% and 4.6% of the participants. The most frequently reported symptoms were eye fatigue (67.2%), headache (65.5%), and dry eyes (55.7%). We found a significant association between computer vision syndrome and the long period of screening, lesser breaks, and blurring of vision. Computer vision syndrome was prevalent among medical students at the University of Tabuk in particular those who use the glasses and contact lenses and long screening time.
Title : Isolation and molecular detection of Salmonella Bacteriophage from Chicken feces and sewage
Abstract :A total of 170 samples of (chicken poo and sewage) were grown on selective medium for Salmonella isolate identification and bacteriophage isolation (salmonella bacteriophage). Out of 170 samples results gave us the existence of 20 bacteriophage. Salmonella Bacteriophages were found in 11.7% of the samples analyzed and tested against the most commonly isolated of Salmonella isolates. Bacteriophage demonstrated potent lytic activity against Salmonella isolates (enteritidis, typhimurium) by forming a clear and transparent zone in the spot and double layer agar assays, implying that bacterial challenge assays were used to assess the relative ability of Bacteriophage to lyse Salmonella in vitro, producing plaques 3-6 mm in diameter surrounded by halos on a Salmonella lawn. Also using Transmission Electron Microscope to note the shape of the bacteriophage and then diagnosed to which family it belongs, which turned out to be back to the Myoviridae family, revealed the existence of an icosahedral head, 140.20 nm, and a contractile tail, 115.25 nm. Salmonella bacteriophage might encode genes inv-A, sit-C, inv-F from our Salmonella isolates, according to our findings.
Title : Using of Propolis on the treated rats induced with Polysystic ovarian syndrome by Litrozol drug
Abstract :The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of propolis against the adverse effects of PCOS. The study included 15 females and was divided into 3 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 representing the control was given 0.1 ml of PBS orally, once a day for 26 days. Each rat in groups 2, and 3 were given 0.1 ml of (1 mg/kg) of Litrozol orally, once a day for 26 days, Group 3 was later treated with the propolis water extract for another 26 days. Several biological parameters were measured. The PCOS group showed a decrease in the level of insulin and HDL-C, corresponding to an increase in the level of total glucose, LDL-C, and TG. In terms of liver function tests, the PCOS group showed a significant increase in the level of AST and ALT enzymes. Also, the level of the antioxidant enzyme SOD decreased at the expense of the increase in the level of MDA indicating increased lipid peroxidation in this group. The level of estrogen and progesterone decreased and the level of PRL hormone increased in the PCOS group. After treating the PCOS rats with Propolis extract, the animals showed a recovery of the normal levels of the measured vital parameters and they were close to their levels in the control group. The results of the histological study of the ovaries of the two groups and in comparison with the control confirmed, that there was an improvement in the histological structure of the ovaries of the PCOS group after treatment with Propolis extract.
Title : Nurses’ Knowledge regarding Electrolyte Differences and Fluid for Haemodialysis Patients
Abstract :Fluid and electrolyte imbalances are the most prevalent dialysis complications. As a result, the completion of this research prepares the method via which dialysis nurses care for dialysis patients in accordance with the most recent advances in nursing interventions and enable them to provide a series of instructions to educate patients and allow them to improve their mental and physical abilities and provide them with knowledge of health procedures followed to reduce fluid and electrolyte imbalances and improve patients' ability to Live a normal life. The study aimed to assess nurses' knowledge of electrolyte imbalances and fluid, and to determine the effectiveness of an educational program on their knowledge of fluid and electrolyte differences. The study design is a quasi-experimental design by applying the two groups in the pretest and posttest periods. The study was conducted in Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital from (December 5 / 2019 to January 5 / 2022). The non-probability sample was selected and included (54) nurses working in the Haemodialysis center. Data were collected using a questionnaire regarding dialysis nurses' knowledge of electrolyte imbalance and fluid. The reliability of the questionnaire was selected using Cronbach's alpha which is (0.972) and Pearson's test (test and retest) which is (0.996). Data analysis was performed by applying descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics. The research's findings suggested that now the study group of dialysis nurses benefited from implementing the educational program and adequately improving and developing their knowledge. The level of knowledge of the nurses about electrolyte disturbance and fluid of the dialysis patients of the study group was poor in the pretest before the implementation of the educational program, while it increased to a high level once the instructional program has been implemented. The following suggestions were made by the researcher: Expanding nurses' knowledge and Skills by creating scientific videos on electrolyte and fluid abnormalities in dialysis patients and using these films at various levels of education. Conduct additional studies on the implementation of educational programs on nurses' knowledge and practice about dialysis complications. Skillfully train caregivers working in a specialized dialysis center or develop appropriate health education.
Title : Effect of maternal B12 on the child weight
Abstract :The health of the embryo is mainly depending upon the oxygen resource and nutrients from the mother. The present research aims to evaluate the effect of maternal B12 levels on the child weight. The pregnant women (n=20) were enrolled in the study at Kerbala maternity teaching hospital during October to March (23rd to 25th gestational week). The test was performed at Kerbala maternity teaching hospital. The blood was collected from the vitamin B12 group (B12 group) and healthy participants. Vitamin B12 deficient women showed significant (p=0.0317) decreased in the fetus weight. This decrease in the fetus birth weight and due to other complications, about 82.71% women underwent the caesarean section delivery. While, only 21.73% normal delivery occurs with vitamin B12 supplementation and healthy women, respectively. The presence of vitamin B12 deficiency leads to the premature delivery. The fetus birth weight was negatively associated with the presence of vitamin B12 scarcity. The vitamin B12 content was significantly lower (274.13±14.52 pg/ml) in the B12 deficient group as compared to healthy control (495.8±24.81 pg/ml). From the above study, we can conclude that vitamin B12 scarcity was associated with anemia in the mother, which in turn affected fetal weight. Vitamin B12 levels should be supervised before planning a pregnancy.
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