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Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences
Title : Prevalence of Obesity Among Adolescents in Telafer City: A cross-section study
Abstract :Over the past three decades, obesity has gained attention as a serious public health concern. Obesity and overweight in childhood greatly enhance the likelihood of becoming overweight as an adult. It is a condition defined by excessive fat deposition or storage in the fat tissue. Obesity is usually caused by eating more food than one's body requires. The study aims to determine the Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Telafer City adolescents. Patients and Methods: During the 2022 academic year, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Telafer City, Iraq, on adolescent students to estimate the Prevalence of obesity and overweight. All adolescents' weight and height were checked, and their body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A customized questionnaire was used to get gender, age, and school-level information. Results: Obesity was observed in 15.3% of participants, more males than females. Overweight was observed in 14.5% of participants, more females than males. Conclusion: Telfer City has high obesity and overweight among adolescents. Health centers and TV programs must work together to educate the community about the problem and how to treat it.
Title : Acne Vulgaris and its Association with Stress, Sleep Deprivation, and Dietary Intake Among Medical Students in Tabuk University, KSA
Abstract :The prevalence of acne vulgaris is on the rise in Saudi Arabia. However, limited research work has been reported with no studies found on medical students. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of acne vulgaris among medical students at Tabuk University and to investigate its association with lifestyle, including stress, sleep, and dietary habits. This cross-sectional survey study was carried out during April to July 2021. A structured questionnaire was designed and presented to 429 students with a response rate of 70.2%. This study included 301 medical students of Tabuk University. The prevalence of acne vulgaris was 71.1%, where 42.2% of students reported current acne and 28.9% reported past acne. Less than half (45.3%) got medical consultation for treatment. Mild, moderate, and severe were reported in 41.1%, 51.9%, and 7% respectively. Hormonal changes, sleep deprivation, or combinations of factors are the most aggravating factors (74.8%). While food was the culprit in 32.9%. Female gender, oily skin type, face cleanser (only once/month), and moderate to major stress were significantly associated with the development of acne (p<0.001) with 78.4% accuracy, 91.1% sensitivity, and 47.1% specificity. Oily skin type and major stress showed the highest odds ratios (7.46 and 6.75, respectively). Acne vulgaris affects large percentage (71.1%) of medical students at Tabuk University. Risk factors that increased the likelihood or aggravated acne included stress and lack of face washing by a cleanser, besides being a female with an oily skin type.
Title : Evaluation of inhibitory activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by aqueous extract of broccoli flowers against some species of fungi producing aflatoxin B1
Abstract :The study aimed to manufacture silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biological by aqueous extract of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and evaluation of its effectiveness against some types of toxin-producing fungi. Identification of silver AgNPs nanoparticles formed by aqueous extract of flowers broccoli via a spectrophotometer UV-vis, Fourier transform infrared FTIR, Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD(. The result of the UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a peak absorption at the wavelength of 420 nm, while the result of FTIR spectroscopy was the appearance of six stretches different bands that have a role in reducing Ag+ silver ions to Ag0 silver nanoparticles as for FESEM microscopy, it showed that the spherical shape of silver nanoparticles is the dominant and dimensions ranged between 14-44 nm, while the AFM microscope showed two- and three-dimensional, the surface of silver nanoparticles while XRD showed four prominent crystal peaks at 2° theta levels (111, 200, 220 and 311). Silver nanoparticles showed their antifungal activity against two isolates of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger, where the diameter of the inhibition zone reached (20 ± 0.57, 18 ± 0.57) mm, respectively, by the well diffusion method. The microtiter plate method was the minimum inhibitory concentration of the above two isolates (512 ± 0.00,16 ± 0.00) μg ̸ ml, respectively. The results showed the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles against the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 secreted mediated by the two isolates of the fungus A. flavus and A. niger as its concentration decreased in the medium of sucrose potatoes liquid PSB to 34.8 ± 0.04 and 0.52 ± 0.01 ppb for both fungi respectively after treatment with these minutes after If its concentration in minutes before treatment was 115.6 ± 0.14 and 12.4 ± 0.11 ppb and the percent of AFB1 reduction 85.5 ± 0.06 % and 8.2 ± 0.11 % also for both fungi, respectively.
Title : Evaluation Of some Immunological parameters in Sheep infected with Abomasal Nematodes in Kirkuk City
Abstract :This study aimed to diagnose Abomasal Nematodes and investigate some Immunological parameters in Sheep infected with Kirkuk City. The current study involved the examination of 50 sheep infected with abomasal nematodes, which were collected randomly and submitted to the laboratory tests in Kirkuk Teaching veterinary hospital from different regions and from the slaughter of Kirkuk city for microscopic and serological diagnosis of recovered nematodes, for the period from September 2021 to April 2022. Weakness and emaciation were the most clinical signs shown on diseased animals; with fewer rates were pale mucous membranes, diarrhea, and bottle jaw (submandibular edema). Blood samples were collected from the Sheep to determine the effect of these nematodes on some Immunological parameters. The results showed the eggs in feces and worms of nematodes identified in the abomasum, and that made according to morphology and length of worms include the: Ostertagia circumcincta 42%, Marshallagia marshall 28%, Haemonchus contortus 20%, and Trichostrongylus spp. 10%, The results showed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the rates of IgG (80.27 ± 2.4 µg/dl) and (56.3± 1.7 µg /dl) respectively and a reduction in the rate of IgM (31.8 ± 5.2 µg/dl) in infected sheep comparing with the control group.
Title : Effect of organic and phosphate fertilizers on the growth traits of several sesame cultivars of Sesamum indicum L.
Abstract :During the summer season of 2021, a field experiment was carried out in the Al-Saqlawiyah district of the Kasaiba region of the Anbar province in order to investigate the impact that organic and phosphate fertilizers have on the growth characteristics of a number of different sesame cultivars (Sumer, Al-Rafidain, Wade, Had, Giza-32, Turkish, Malaysian black, local, Maghali -57, Golmarmara, Batem) The first factor represents the cultivar, the second factor represents 0 before adding phosphate fertilizer 100 kg.ha-1 and organic fertilizer 2 tons. ha-1, and the third factor represents a mixture of phosphate fertilizer 100 kg.ha-1, organic fertilizer 2 tons. ha-1, and the first factor represents the cultivar. The experiment was carried out using a methodology known as a factorial experiment, in which the treatments were arranged in a manner known as a randomized complete block design (RCBD), and there were three repetitions. The following are the most significant findings from the study: 1- The addition of the mixture (organic fertilizer 2 tons. ha-1 and phosphate fertilizer 100 kg. ha-1 gave a significant increase in the traits of the study represented by plant height (127.39 cm. plant-1), several branches (6.76 branches. plant-1), Stem diameter (1.65 cm), leaf area (16491.87 cm2.plant-1), and dry weight of the plant (169.20 g.plant-1), in comparison to the control treatment, which gave the lowest averages in the above 2- The local cultivar performed exceptionally well in most of the traits that were studied, including plant height, the number of branches, stem diameter, leaf area, and plant dry weight, with averages of 12,601 centimeters, 1.68 centimeters, 12,180 cm2 plant-1, and 146.26 grams plant-1 respectively for plant height, the number of branches, and stem diameter.
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