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Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences
Title : Exploring the Reasons Behind Refusal Covid-19 Vaccination Among South of Iraqi People
Abstract :Latest days of 2019, WHO was reported a cases of new pneumonia type in Wuhan City, China. On beginning of 2020, it identifies the causative agent as a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). So can many drugs company manufactured different types of vaccine or drugs against the diseases before people come into exposure with them in a rapid, safe, and effective approach. vaccination is a biological preparation known as active acquired protection to a specific infectious disease. To determine and evaluate the reasons for refusing immunization with the vaccine against COVID-19 until now in Iraq. We select 1000 participants who did refuse taking the COVID-19 vaccine from all provinces of Iraq (North, Central, and South). The study focused on the reasons for not receiving the COVID-19 vaccine until now, after that we collect the obtained data in Microsoft Excel program tables then statistically analyzed as show in results using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. Result show the Individuals aged 21-30 years were more likely to refuse immunizations than those aged 18-20 years, whereas those aged 18-20 years were less likely to refuse vaccines. The study revealed a strong relationship among education levels, individuals who have university degree higher rates of rejection vaccines depend on reasons as compared to Primary, secondary, and post-graduate degrees. It's also worth noting that the clear majority of married people said they would refuse to take the vaccine if they had to choose between the two. According to occupation, there is a significant difference between rural and countryside occupation individuals who are rejection vaccines according to reasons. The biggest cause of refusal in the current study is fear of side effects 39.4% mainly because the vaccine may harm fertility. We also, noticed that 20.4% of participants said it is personal freedom. The fearing from side effects is the main cause then other causes depend on age group or occupational, social status, education level, and gender which means the misinformation is more than the fact about the vaccination or immunization against COVID19 due to different type of social media a TV channel that shade peoples thoughts, and bad control of Iraqi government on the media sector and holding rumor mongers accountable and inciting people not to take the vaccine, and what cause a large number of deaths. Also, an important cause of refusal related to the MOH which make poor and late role in educating people about the use of vaccines, their safety, and their reliable sources, compared to the fierce attack that wants to take the vaccines.
Title : Reducing Energy gap of Crystal like Nickel oxide nano structure by Added cobalt
Abstract :On silicon Si (111) substrates, different sized crystalline Nickel Oxide (NiO) and Cobalt Oxide (CoO) were electrochemically deposited. The deposition time with continuous applied current significantly altered the crystal's shape and size, and consequently its structural properties. The crystalline-like of manufactured nanostructures revealed NiO and CoO structures with distinct crystal densities and energy gaps. We investigated the properties of samples deposited using a facile and simple processing method. Highly dense NiO and CoO nanocrystals were produced on Si (111) substrates in a two-step procedure that included electrochemical deposition of Ni and Co ions followed by oxidization in a furnace under ambient oxygen. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the shape and structure of the generated nanocrystals. According to the findings, grafting causes a more homogenous distribution of crystal grains, an increase in bonding, and a decrease in the energy gap value. 1.95 eV to 1.875 eV.
Title : Nectin-4 In Triple Negative Breast Cancers - A Comprehensive Overview
Abstract :Nectin-4 is a novel, highly useful biomarker for many solid cancers including breast cancer, recently gaining focus of cancer researchers all over the globe due to its potential of being a target for molecular therapy for difficult to treat cancers such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Recent studies have shown that increased Nectin-4 activity is strongly connected to tumour incidence and progression in a variety of cancer types, although it is still unclear how Nectin-4 protein affects the initiation and progression of these cancers. In this review article, we have highlighted the mechanisms underlying, biological activities, and recent developments pertaining to the Nectin-4 protein expression pattern in diverse cancer types, mainly emphasizing on its role in the carcinogeneisis of TNBC. Also, we have summarised various methods of detection and scoring used by various researchers.
Title : Partial purification of cardiac creatine kinase (CK-MB) from patients with myocardial infarction and study of kinetic properties
Abstract :This study was done to partial purification Creatine kinase(CK-MB) from serum of myocardial infection patients and study enzyme kinetics under different conditions, a specimens were taken from the intensive care unit at Salah El-Din General Hospital for patients with myocardial infarction between 1/11/2021 and 28/2/2022 and the purification process by Sephadex G100 .the results of Kinetic studies showed that the optimal concentration of substrate was (100mmol), the Michael’s-Menten constant was (Km=47.1mmol), and the maximum velocity was (Vmax=24.1 U/L), whereas the optimum temperature was (37°C) and the ideal pH was (7.3). Where the above practical results showed the activity of the enzyme at different pH, temperature and concentration of substrate concentration.
Title : Study of types of bacteria isolated and diagnosed from some areas of Kirkuk governorate
Abstract :Soil samples contaminated with crude oil were randomly collected from different areas of Kirkuk governorate, where soil samples were taken from areas contaminated with oil leaks. Samples were collected from a depth of about (0-20) cm by spaghulia, at a rate of about (500) grams, and the samples were placed in polycarbonate bags. Sterilized Ethylene and the required information (sample number, date, weight) were written on it. It was transferred to the laboratory and kept in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 ° C until its use. Bacteriological tests were carried out to isolate bacteria, identify and diagnose bacteria, phenotypic and microscopic diagnosis, and biochemical diagnostic tests were conducted, most of which were positive and others were positive. Negative and three types of bacteria were isolated and diagnosed, they are 1NSS mutual sullicabineaP 3NSS sulimup Sullivan 2NSS axel aits trip, and they were named in the Center for Biotechnology (IPSN), and the third type is.
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